Three-year forecast file: income statement and financing plan

Sources and assumptions

• legifrance.gouv.fr — LEGIARTI000048847486 — tax year 2026, verified on September 4, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « En cas de déficit subi pendant un exercice, ce déficit est considéré comme une charge de l'exercice suivant et déduit du bénéfice réalisé pendant ledit exercice dans la limite d'un montant de 1 000 000 € majoré de 50 % du montant correspondant au bénéfice imposable dudit exercice excédant ce premier montant. »

• bofip.impots.gouv.fr — tax year 2026, verified on September 4, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « l'imputation de déficits antérieurs sur le bénéfice constaté au titre d'un exercice est limitée à hauteur d'un plafond égal à 1 000 000 € majoré d'un montant de 50 % du bénéfice imposable de l'exercice excédant cette première limite. »

• legifrance.gouv.fr — LEGIARTI000053560738 — tax year 2026, verified on September 4, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « dans la limite du montant le plus faible entre le bénéfice déclaré au titre de l'exercice précédent et un montant de 1 000 000 € »

• legifrance.gouv.fr — LEGIARTI000053560738 — tax year 2026, verified on September 4, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « La créance est remboursée au terme des cinq années suivant celle de la clôture de l'exercice au titre duquel l'option visée au premier alinéa a été exercée »

• entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr — F23575 — tax year 2026, verified on September 4, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « Une entreprise soumise à l'impôt sur les sociétés (IS) est imposée au taux normal de 25 % »

• entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr — F23575 — tax year 2026, verified on September 4, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « un taux réduit fixé à 15 % peut s'appliquer pour la part des bénéfices allant jusqu'à 42 500 € »

• entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr — F23575 — tax year 2026, verified on September 4, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « un taux réduit fixé à 15 % peut s'appliquer pour la part des bénéfices allant jusqu'à 42 500 € »

• entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr — F23575 — tax year 2026, verified on September 4, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « Chiffre d'affaires inférieur ou égal à 10 000 000 € au cours de l'exercice comptable »

Calculation assumptions

• This file adds no calculation of its own: it links ActioFin's forecast income statement and financing plan. The self-financing capacity entered as a resource is the income statement's — after interest and tax, before any distribution, net of the investment grant (the share released to profit enters the result before tax there, then is deducted from self-financing capacity) — and the capital repaid entered as a requirement comes from the loan's amortisation schedule. For a company, the double counts that a manual carry-over makes possible (capital, dividends, grant) therefore cannot occur. A single loan is entered, taken out at start-up: it is a first-year resource, and it is entered only if its term is filled in.
• Under income tax, the owner's pay is not an income-statement charge: the owner's drawings go under distributions, among the financing plan's requirements — “dans le calcul de la CAF (capacité d'autofinancement), les prélèvements de l'exploitant ne sont pas défalqués, il est donc impératif de corriger la CAF en indiquant le montant de ces prélèvements annuels dans la partie besoins” (drawings are not deducted when working out self-financing capacity, so they must be entered as a requirement — https://bpifrance-creation.fr/encyclopedie/previsions-financieres-business-plan/previsions-financieres/plan-financement-a-3-ans, secondary source, read on 2026-09-26). If you also entered it under staff costs, it is deducted twice.
• The table follows the official sheet on the business-creation forecast: “Il s'agit d'un tableau où vous inscrivez vos charges (dépenses) et vos produits (recettes). […] Si vos produits sont plus élevés que vos charges, votre résultat est un bénéfice, sinon c'est une perte.” (a table recording costs and income; if income exceeds costs the result is a profit, otherwise a loss — entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr, sheet F35958, step 1). The same sheet defines self-financing capacity as “votre résultat (= vos produits moins vos charges) + les dotations aux amortissements” (your result, income minus costs, plus depreciation); the calculator takes the result AFTER tax.
• Corporation tax is not recalculated here: it is taken from the corporation tax calculator, reduced SME rate included, after the loss carry-forward calculator has set off earlier years' losses. A business taxed under income tax pays no tax at business level: its result is taxed in the owner's name, and the calculator does not make that tax up.
• Under income tax, the business pays no tax at its own level: its result is taxed in the owner's name, together with the household's other income, which the file does not calculate. The net result shown is therefore the result before tax, and the income statement carries no corporation-tax line.
• The corporation tax scale applied to all three years is the one in force today. A rate change voted for later years is not anticipated.
• Like the corporation tax calculator it calls, each year is treated as a twelve-month financial year — a shorter or longer first year is not prorated — and additional and exceptional corporation tax contributions are not counted.
• Tax is worked out on the result before tax produced by this table, taken as the TAXABLE result: the tax calculator it calls assumes a “taxable profit already determined”. The actual taxable result can differ — non-deductible expenses, add-backs, specific deductions — and the tax with it.
• Only loan interest is an income-statement charge; the capital repaid is shown separately, for the financing plan. The official sheet says that “les charges financières sont les remboursements d'emprunts” (financial charges are loan repayments): entering the whole instalment as a charge would count the capital twice, once in the result and once in the financing plan.
• The loan is repaid by constant monthly instalments, worked out at the nominal annual rate divided by twelve: the first falls in the first month of year 1, and each year has twelve. Not modelled: a deferral of capital or of repayment, repayment of capital in equal parts, a loan drawn during the year, insurance and arrangement fees. If your loan offer provides for any of these, the interest, the capital repaid and the comparison between self-financing capacity and capital due differ from those shown: refer to the offer's amortisation schedule.
• Debt-service cover divides the year's self-financing capacity by the loan's annual debt service — interest plus capital repaid —, to two decimals: at 1, the year's self-financing capacity just pays the instalments; below 1, another resource must top it up. Under income tax, this self-financing capacity is calculated before the owner's drawings, which also live on it: read the cover alongside the distributions in the financing plan.
• An investment grant is taxable. Without the option, the business must include the grant “dans les résultats de l’exercice en cours à la date de leur attribution” (in the profit of the financial year current on the date it is awarded, § 20): then enter the whole grant in the year it is awarded. The spreading option (article 42 septies of the French tax code) covers “subventions d'équipement versées par l'Union européenne ou les organismes créés par ses institutions, l'État, les collectivités publiques ou tout organisme public” (equipment grants paid by the European Union or bodies set up by its institutions, the State, public authorities or any public body, § 30) — and, in particular cases the calculator does not detail, grants from approved professional groupings and sums linked to energy-saving certificates (§ 1); the spreading regime “est réservé aux sommes affectées à la création, l'acquisition ou le financement de biens d'équipement” (is reserved for sums allocated to creating, acquiring or financing capital equipment, § 50). With the option, the pace depends on the asset financed: for a depreciable asset, such grants “peuvent être imposées au même rythme que l'amortissement de l'investissement” (may be taxed at the same pace as the investment is depreciated), each year in proportion to the asset's depreciation charge (§ 100); for a non-depreciable asset, they “sont rapportées, par fractions égales, aux résultats des années pendant lesquelles cette immobilisation est inaliénable” (are released in equal fractions over the years during which the asset cannot be sold) or, failing an inalienability clause, over the ten years following the award (§ 110); for an asset financed by leasing, in equal parts over the financial years covered by the lease (§ 120) (bofip.impots.gouv.fr, BOI-BIC-PDSTK-10-30-10-20, read on 2026-09-26). Enter the share for EACH year: unlike the other items, a year 2 or year 3 left blank counts as zero and does not take the previous year's amount — a grant taxed in full is taxed only once; a warning says so when carrying forward would have given a different amount. This share raises the result before tax: under corporation tax, it therefore enters the tax and the loss carried forward; under income tax, the result taxed in the owner's name, which the calculator does not tax. It is, however, deducted from self-financing capacity: it is a book entry, not cash received in the year, and the grant received goes on its own line in the financing plan — leaving it in self-financing capacity would count it twice. The official sheet, which defines self-financing capacity as the result plus depreciation, does not deal with this case: it is a convention of the calculator.
• A year 2 or year 3 left blank takes the previous year's amounts: that is steady activity, not zero activity. Enter zero for a cost that disappears. One exception: the share of an investment grant released to profit, which counts as zero when left blank.
• All amounts exclude VAT: VAT collected is not income and deductible VAT is not a cost.
• The horizon is three years, because that is what the official French business plan asks for ("Vous devez remplir les prévisions sur les 3 années à venir"). A fourth or fifth year cannot be entered.
• Working capital requirement is entered as an AMOUNT at year end — inventory, plus trade receivables, minus trade payables — and the calculator carries only its INCREASE into the table: “Ne prendre en compte que les éléments nouveaux” (only take new items into account), “indiquer l'accroissement du BFR” (enter the increase in working capital requirement) (https://bpifrance-creation.fr/encyclopedie/previsions-financieres-business-plan/previsions-financieres/plan-financement-a-3-ans, « Le plan de financement à 3 ans », read on 2026-09-26). A stable requirement is therefore financed only once, in the first year; if it falls, the fall frees up a resource. A year 2 or year 3 left blank takes the previous year's amount; a zero entered is a real zero. The OPENING requirement counts as zero if not entered: that is the case of a new business. For an existing business, enter the one from the last balance sheet, at the start of year 1: it is already financed, and only its increase beyond that becomes a year-1 requirement. The amount can be negative when trade payables exceed inventory and receivables (customers paying cash, suppliers on credit): enter it as a negative figure; building it up then frees a resource, carried as a negative requirement.
• This table does not say when cash runs short within the year: it works on whole years. The month the bank account goes negative is read on the cash-flow plan, the fourth table of the business plan. A plan whose running balance lands exactly on zero is not flagged as short, although the official sheet puts equality on the side of cash difficulties (“Sinon votre entreprise aura des difficultés de trésorerie” — otherwise your business will have cash difficulties): with no margin, the slightest gap tips it over.
• The investment grant is entered twice, under two different heads: the amount received, as a resource of the financing plan, and the share released to profit each year, in the income statement, where it enters the result before tax — the corporation tax base or, under income tax, the result taxed in the owner's name, which the file does not tax. The self-financing capacity carried into the plan is NET of it: the share is deducted from it, so that the grant counts only once as a resource. The file does not work out the spreading itself. The option is essentially open only to public equipment grants allocated to capital equipment, and its pace depends on the subsidised asset alone: its depreciation if it is depreciable (§ 100), equal fractions over the inalienability period or ten years if it is not (§ 110), the term of the contract if it is financed by leasing (§ 120) (bofip.impots.gouv.fr, BOI-BIC-PDSTK-10-30-10-20, read on 2026-09-26) — which the depreciation and investments entered, all assets together, do not identify; and the choice between taxing it in full in the year it is awarded and spreading it belongs to the business. A grant entered with no share released to profit, or shares that exceed it, trigger a warning.
• The break-even point is the year's revenue at break-even, worked out with the official factsheet's method: « Déterminer le seuil de rentabilité : charges fixes / taux de marge sur coûts variables » (break-even = fixed costs / contribution-margin ratio — entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr, factsheet F38186, read on 2026-09-26). The file counts as fixed costs external charges, taxes and duties, staff costs, depreciation and loan interest; as variable costs, those you entered as such. The share of investment grant released to profit is left out. A year whose contribution margin is zero or negative has no break-even point: no revenue then covers the fixed costs. Under income tax, the owner's pay is not a charge, so the break-even point does not cover it.
• Year-end equity is what the file can rebuild from your entries: capital contributions, plus net results, plus investment grants received and not yet released to profit, minus distributions, cumulated from year 1. The official factsheet lists investment grants within equity, together with share capital, reserves, retained earnings, share premium, the year's result and regulated provisions (entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr, factsheet F24024, read on 2026-09-26); shareholder current-account contributions are not on that list. The file starts from a new business: no reserves, retained earnings or share premium before year 1. For a company under corporation tax, the share capital compared with its half is the sum of capital contributions entered; under income tax, no comparison is made.
• Not modelled: operating grants and exceptional income (the INVESTMENT grant has its line in the financing plan, and its share released to profit its own line in the income statement), the sole trader's own social contributions (enter them under staff costs if you know them), carrying a loss back, a change in inventory separate from purchases consumed, disposals of fixed assets, and a loan taken out in the second or third year.