Spanish three-year forecast profit and loss account (cuenta de pérdidas y ganancias previsional)

Sources and assumptions

• BOE — Ley 27/2014 del Impuesto sobre Sociedades — tax year 2026, verified on September 26, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « podrán ser compensadas con las rentas positivas de los períodos impositivos siguientes con el límite del 70 por ciento de la base imponible previa a la aplicación de la reserva de capitalización establecida en el artículo 25 de esta Ley y a su compensación »

• BOE — Ley 27/2014 — tax year 2026, verified on September 26, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « En todo caso, se podrán compensar en el período impositivo bases imponibles negativas hasta el importe de 1 millón de euros. »

• BOE — Ley 27/2014 — tax year 2026, verified on September 26, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « Los contribuyentes cuyo importe neto de la cifra de negocios sea al menos de 20 millones de euros durante los 12 meses anteriores a la fecha en que se inicie el período impositivo, aplicarán las siguientes especialidades: »

• BOE — Ley 27/2014 — tax year 2026, verified on September 26, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « Las entidades cuyo importe neto de la cifra de negocios del período impositivo inmediato anterior sea inferior a 1 millón de euros, aplicarán la siguiente escala, salvo que deban tributar a un tipo diferente del general: »

• BOE — Ley 27/2014 — tax year 2026, verified on September 26, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « Los incentivos fiscales establecidos en este capítulo se aplicarán siempre que el importe neto de la cifra de negocios habida en el período impositivo inmediato anterior sea inferior a 10 millones de euros. »

• BOE — Ley 27/2014 del Impuesto sobre Sociedades — tax year 2026, verified on September 26, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « 1. El tipo general de gravamen para los contribuyentes de este Impuesto será el 25 por ciento »

• BOE — Ley 27/2014 — tax year 2026, verified on September 26, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « i) Por la parte de base imponible comprendida entre 0 y 50.000 euros, al tipo del 19 por ciento. »

• BOE — Ley 27/2014 — tax year 2026, verified on September 26, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « i) Por la parte de base imponible comprendida entre 0 y 50.000 euros, al tipo del 19 por ciento. »

• BOE — Ley 27/2014 — tax year 2026, verified on September 26, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « ii) Por la parte de base imponible restante, al tipo del 21 por ciento. »

• BOE — Ley 27/2014 — tax year 2026, verified on September 26, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « b) Las entidades que cumplan las previsiones previstas en el artículo 101 de esta ley tributarán al 23 %, salvo que deban tributar a un tipo diferente del general. »

• BOE — Ley 27/2014 — tax year 2026, verified on September 26, 2026

  Excerpt from the source : « Finalmente, las entidades de nueva creación que realicen actividades económicas tributarán, en el primer período impositivo en que la base imponible resulte positiva y en el siguiente, al tipo del 15 por ciento »

Calculation assumptions

• The lines are those of the “CUENTA DE PÉRDIDAS Y GANANCIAS DE PYMES” model in the Spanish chart of accounts for small and medium-sized enterprises (Royal Decree 1515/2007, consolidated text in the BOE): “1. Importe neto de la cifra de negocios.” (net revenue), “4. Aprovisionamientos.” (purchases and supplies), “6. Gastos de personal.” (staff costs), “7. Otros gastos de explotación.” (other operating expenses), “8. Amortización del inmovilizado.” (depreciation), “A) RESULTADO DE EXPLOTACIÓN” (operating result), “13. Gastos financieros.” (finance costs), “C) RESULTADO ANTES DE IMPUESTOS (A + B)” (result before tax), “17. Impuestos sobre beneficios.” (income tax) and “D) RESULTADO DEL EJERCICIO (C + 17)” (result for the year). Treating the forecast as this account projected over three years is a convention of the calculator: no official source read says so. “Otros gastos de explotación” is entered in two fields, external services (account group 62) and taxes (account 631), two of the accounts the model groups under that line.
• Gross margin (revenue less purchases and supplies) and the operating result before depreciation are not lines of the PGC model: they are intermediate steps of the calculator. Purchases and supplies stand in for variable costs; a variable cost entered under external services (transport, subcontracting) does not reduce gross margin, although it does reduce the operating result.
• Corporate income tax is not recalculated here: it is the gross tax charge (cuota íntegra) from the Spanish corporate income tax calculator, for the type of entity you choose, on each year's taxable base. No credits, rebates or instalment payments are deducted, and no deferred tax is recorded: line 17 is approximated by that charge.
• For an entity that already existed before year 1, the type of entity you choose is the one for year 1: the calculator does not know the revenue of the period before year 1. For years 2 and 3 it does, and the law makes the reduced rates depend on revenue “del período impositivo inmediato anterior” (of the immediately preceding tax period): below 1 million euros for the reduced scale (article 29.1 and forty-fourth transitional provision) and below 10 million euros for small-sized entities (article 101.1). So if you choose one of those two options, the rate for years 2 and 3 follows the previous year's revenue: reduced scale below 1 million, small-sized entity rate below 10 million, general rate from 10 million. If you choose the general regime, the calculator keeps it for all three years: it does not know why your entity does not use a reduced rate (asset-holding entity, group) and does not grant a rate it cannot check. A newly created entity has no period before year 1, and article 101.2 settles it: “Cuando la entidad fuere de nueva creación, el importe de la cifra de negocios se referirá al primer período impositivo en que se desarrolle efectivamente la actividad” (for a newly created entity, revenue refers to the first tax period in which the activity is actually carried on). For such an entity, the type of entity you choose is not used: the rate for a year no longer taxed at 15% follows year 1 revenue for year 1, and the previous year's revenue for years 2 and 3. If the entity belongs to a group, article 101.3 refers revenue “al conjunto de entidades pertenecientes a dicho grupo” (to all the entities in that group), and adds: “Igualmente se aplicará este criterio cuando una persona física por sí sola o conjuntamente con el cónyuge u otras personas físicas unidas por vínculos de parentesco en línea directa o colateral, consanguínea o por afinidad, hasta el segundo grado inclusive, se encuentren con relación a otras entidades de las que sean socios en alguna de las situaciones a que se refiere el artículo 42 del Código de Comercio” (the same applies where an individual, alone or with their spouse or relatives up to the second degree, is in one of the situations of article 42 of the Commercial Code with regard to other entities in which they are partners). If you are a partner in several companies in such a situation, alone or with your family, count the revenue of all of them even if they do not form a group. Enter that set's revenue in the “set of entities revenue” fields for years 1 and 2, which only decide the rate for years 2 and 3; the revenue in the account remains your entity's. Left blank, those fields take the entity's revenue; a blank year 2 repeats year 1 if you entered it.
• The taxable base is approximated by the result before tax. Law 27/2014 computes it “corrigiendo, mediante la aplicación de los preceptos establecidos en esta Ley, el resultado contable” (by adjusting the accounting result under the provisions of that law, article 10.3): those adjustments are not modelled.
• A company's losses are offset against the following years' profits under article 26 of Law 27/2014: “con el límite del 70 por ciento de la base imponible previa” (up to 70% of the taxable base before the offset), and “En todo caso, se podrán compensar en el período impositivo bases imponibles negativas hasta el importe de 1 millón de euros” (in any case, up to 1 million euros of losses may be offset in the period). For a newly created entity, the 70% limit does not apply “en los 3 primeros períodos impositivos en que se genere una base imponible positiva previa a su compensación” (in the first 3 tax periods with a positive base before the offset). The limits specific to companies with revenue of at least 20 million euros “durante los 12 meses anteriores a la fecha en que se inicie el período impositivo” (during the 12 months before the start of the tax period, fifteenth additional provision) and the capitalisation reserve are not modelled; the calculator warns when one year's revenue reaches that threshold and the following year offsets losses. Year 1 offsets no losses: the calculator does not know those of earlier years. Tax losses still not offset at the end of year 3 are not applied to any year of the forecast: the calculator states their amount.
• If you declare a newly created entity, the 15% rate applies “en el primer período impositivo en que la base imponible resulte positiva y en el siguiente” (in the first tax period in which the taxable base is positive and in the next one, article 29.1): the base is taken after offsetting earlier losses, so a year whose profit is fully offset does not count as the first. Year 1 is treated as the entity's first tax period: the three periods without the 70% limit (article 26.3) and the two periods at 15% are counted from year 1. If your entity already had tax periods before year 1, part of those advantages may already be used up and the tax calculated may be lower than the real one: in that case, do not declare it as newly created, or take those periods into account. The law's other conditions (what does not count as starting an economic activity, and that the entity does not belong to a group) are not checked: you declare them. If you also enter revenue for the article 101.3 set of entities, the calculator warns you: article 29.1 expressly excludes an entity that belongs to a group under article 42 of the Commercial Code, and does not mention the case of an individual who is a partner in several entities. Once the two periods at 15% are used up, the rate does not follow the type of entity you chose but revenue (see the assumption on each year's rate).
• Year 1 is a twelve-month tax period starting in 2026, and the Spanish corporate income tax calculator only knows the rates for periods starting in 2026: they are applied to all three years. For small-sized entities (reducida dimensión), the law sets 22% for periods starting in 2027 and 21% for those starting in 2028 (forty-fourth transitional provision, sections 3 and 4). For entities with revenue below 1 million euros, that provision only sets the transitional scale for 2025 and 2026, and article 29.1 sets 17% and 20%. In both cases, the tax for a year 2 or 3 taxed at one of those two rates is overstated; the tax for a year taxed at the general rate is not. The 25% general rate and the 15% rate for newly created entities are not changed by those provisions.
• A sole trader is not liable to corporate income tax: article 7 of Law 27/2014 names “Las personas jurídicas, excluidas las sociedades civiles que no tengan objeto mercantil” (legal persons, excluding civil partnerships without a commercial purpose) as taxpayers. A civil partnership without a commercial purpose is not liable either, and this calculator does not model it: do not choose the “Company” option for it. The sole trader's profit is part of their income for personal income tax (IRPF) as “rendimientos de las actividades económicas” (income from economic activities, Law 35/2006, article 6), which this calculator does not compute.
• Only loan interest is a finance cost: the PGC for SMEs records in account 662 the “Importe de los intereses de los préstamos recibidos y otras deudas pendientes de amortizar” (interest on loans received and other outstanding debts). Capital repaid is shown separately and does not reduce the result. Interest comes from a repayment schedule with equal monthly instalments, worked out month by month.
• Self-financing is the result for the year plus depreciation, an expense that involves no cash outflow. It is a convention of the calculator, not a PGC line; it is compared with the loan capital to be repaid each year.
• A year 2 or year 3 left blank repeats the previous year's amounts: that is steady activity, not zero activity. Enter zero for an expense that disappears.
• Not modelled: changes in inventories, work performed for own assets, other operating income, grants, excess provisions, impairment and gains or losses on disposals, finance income, and finance costs other than loan interest. Amounts are entered excluding VAT: the PGC for SMEs deducts from revenue “el del impuesto sobre el valor añadido y otros impuestos directamente relacionados con las mismas, que deban ser objeto de repercusión” (value added tax and other taxes directly related to sales that must be passed on).